Ectopic Pregnancy: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Ectopic Pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg grows outside the uterus. Most often, it occurs in a fallopian tube. This is why it is sometimes called a tubal pregnancy. However, it can also happen in other areas, such as the ovary or abdomen. Ectopic pregnancy cannot lead to a healthy baby. Instead, it can cause serious health risks for the mother. Because of this, early detection is very important. In the United States and globally, ectopic pregnancy affects about 1 in every 50 pregnancies, according to the CDC.

Symptoms of Ectopic Pregnancy

Early signs of ectopic pregnancy can be hard to notice. Still, knowing the symptoms can help you seek care quickly. Common ectopic pregnancy symptoms include:

Sharp or stabbing pain in the lower belly or pelvis

Vaginal bleeding that is different from your normal period

Shoulder pain, especially when lying down

Weakness, dizziness, or fainting

Sometimes, these symptoms appear between the fourth and twelfth week of pregnancy. If you notice any of these signs, you should contact a doctor right away. Quick action can help prevent serious problems.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several causes and risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. Usually, anything that blocks or damages the fallopian tubes can increase the risk. For example, the following factors may raise your chances:

Previous ectopic pregnancy

History of pelvic infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Smoking cigarettes

Getting pregnant after age 35

Having surgery on the fallopian tubes or pelvis

Using fertility treatments

Even so, some women with no known risk factors can still have an ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, it is important to know the symptoms and seek help if needed.

Diagnosis

Doctors use several steps to diagnose ectopic pregnancy. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may perform a physical exam. To confirm the diagnosis, doctors often use:

Blood tests to check pregnancy hormone levels

Ultrasound imaging to see where the pregnancy is located

Sometimes, more tests are needed to be sure. Early diagnosis is key to safe treatment. If you wonder how is ectopic pregnancy diagnosed, these steps are standard in most clinics and hospitals.

Treatment Options

Treatment for ectopic pregnancy depends on how early it is found and your health. The main goal is to remove the pregnancy and protect your health. Common ectopic pregnancy treatment options include:

Medication: Doctors may use a medicine called methotrexate to stop the pregnancy. This works best if the ectopic pregnancy is found early.

Surgery: If the pregnancy is larger or causing bleeding, surgery may be needed. Surgeons can remove the ectopic tissue through a small cut (laparoscopy) or, in rare cases, a larger cut (laparotomy).

After treatment, doctors will monitor your recovery. They may check your hormone levels until they return to normal. This helps ensure all ectopic tissue is gone.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all ectopic pregnancies can be prevented, you can lower your risk. Here are some helpful tips:

Get regular check-ups and treat any pelvic infections early

Quit smoking, as it can damage the fallopian tubes

Discuss your medical history with your doctor before trying to get pregnant

Follow your doctor’s advice if you have had surgery on your tubes or pelvis

By making healthy choices, you may reduce your risk. However, always remember that some cases happen without clear reasons.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice early signs of an ectopic pregnancy, seek medical help immediately. Severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, dizziness, or fainting are medical emergencies that require urgent attention. Even if your symptoms feel mild, getting checked early is always safer—prompt care can protect your health and may even save your life.

If you suspect an ectopic pregnancy, consult the specialists at Apex Citi Hospital right away. Their expert obstetrics and emergency care team provides personalised evaluation and immediate support for your safety.

Your health is priority—don’t delay seeking help.